Welcome to the world of the animals and wildlife in Colorado! Step into the enchanting realm of Colorado, where nature’s masterpiece unfolds with majestic mountains, lush forests, winding canyons, and so much more! Nestled in the heart of the western United States, this animal and wildlife wonderland beckons with the promise of thrilling adventures. Prepare to be captivated by the myriad of fascinating creatures that inhabit this scenic haven. Colorado is a wild card, teeming with diversity and charm, and it’s an adventure you won’t want to miss. Get ready to be wowed as you embark on an exploration of the untamed beauty that defines this captivating corner of the country.
Key Points
| Wildlife | Scientific Name | Size | Habitat | Range | Diet | Conservation Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bighorn Sheep | Ovis canadensis canadensis | Males: 180-310 lbs (82-140 kg)Females: 130-200 lbs (59-91 kg) | Rocky Mountains, North America | Varies by location | Herbivorous – graze on grasses, shrubs, and vegetation | Varies by population |
| Colorado Bison | Bison bison | Males: 1,800-2,000 lbs (820-910 kg)Females: 900-1,100 lbs (410-500 kg) | Various habitats in Colorado | Near Threatened (IUCN Red List) | Herbivorous – graze on grasses and vegetation | Near Threatened |
| Elk | Cervus canadensis | Males: 600-1000 lbs (272-454 kg)Females: 400-600 lbs (181-272 kg) | Various habitats across North America | Least Concern (IUCN Red List) | Herbivorous – graze on grasses, shrubs, and vegetation | Least Concern |
| Mountain Lion | Puma concolor | Length: 6-9 feet (1.8-2.7 meters)Height: 2-2.5 feet (60-76 cm) | Diverse habitats ranging from mountains to deserts | Least Concern (IUCN Red List) | Carnivorous – prey on deer, ungulates, small mammals, and birds | Least Concern |
| Black Bear | Ursus americanus | Length: 4-7 feet (1.2-2.1 meters)Height: 2.5-3 feet (76-91 cm) | Diverse habitats including forests, swamps, and mountains | Least Concern (IUCN Red List) | Omnivorous – eat plants, berries, nuts, insects, and small mammals | Least Concern |
| Hawks, Falcons, Eagles | Various species in Accipitridae familyVarious species in Falconidae familyVarious species in Accipitridae family | Varies depending on the species | Diverse habitats including forests, grasslands, and mountains | Varies by species | Carnivorous – prey on small mammals, birds, and insects | Varies by species |
| Wild Horses | Equus ferus | Height: VariesTypically ranges from 13 to 16 hands (52 to 64 inches or 132 to 163 cm) at the shoulder | Varies depending on the region and environmental conditions | Varies by region | Herbivorous – graze on grasses and vegetation | Varies by population |
| Prairie Dogs | Cynomys spp. | Length: 12-16 inches (30-41 cm) | Grasslands and prairies in North America | Varies depending on the region | Herbivorous – graze on grasses and forbs | Varies by species |
| North American Beaver | Castor canadensis | Length: 29-35 inches (74-90 cm) | Found in freshwater habitats such as lakes, rivers, and streams | Native to North America, from Canada to northern Mexico | Herbivorous – feed on bark, twigs, leaves, and aquatic plants | Least Concern |
| Rattlesnake | Various species in Crotalus and Sistrurus genera | Length: VariesTypically ranges from 1.5 to 5.5 feet (45 to 168 cm) | Various habitats ranging from deserts to forests | Varies by region | Carnivorous – prey on rodents, lizards, and small birds | Varies by species |
About Colorado
Colorado proudly stands as a state renowned for hosting one of the healthiest populations, a fact hardly surprising given its breathtaking mountainous terrain, outdoor activities, and a vibrant health-oriented culture accessible to all. The abundant natural beauty that envelops you contributes to the allure, making Colorado an enthralling destination where you can revel in the invigorating landscapes teeming with wildlife. If you’re eager to further immerse yourself in the captivating wildlife of Colorado, join us on a journey as we delve into the lives of these enchanting creatures. And, of course, share with us your favorite among them—the one you’d most love to encounter in this remarkable natural haven!
Bighorn Sheep
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Ovis canadensis canadensis |
| Size | Males (Rams): 180 to 310 pounds (82 to 140 kg) |
| Females (Ewes): 130 to 200 pounds (59 to 91 kg) | |
| Horns | Male Horns: Up to 30 pounds (13.6 kg) |
| Male Horns Length: Up to 30 inches (76 cm) | |
| Habitat | Rocky Mountains, North America |
| Social Structure | Social animals living in herds |
| Diet | Herbivorous – primarily graze on grasses, shrubs, and other vegetation |
| Conservation Status | Varies by location, some populations may be endangered or threatened |
Colorado proudly claims the Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep as its official state animal. These elusive creatures prefer the lofty peaks of the Rocky Mountains as their chosen abode. To catch a glimpse of Colorado’s state mammal in its natural habitat, head to Colorado Springs for an opportunity to witness these majestic Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep in all their untamed glory. These are some of the best local spots to see Bighorn Sheep:
- Garden of the Gods Park.
- Glen Eyrie Castle.
- Pikes Peak.
- Arkansas River.
Bighorn sheep were among the most admired animals of the Apsaalooka (Crow) people, and what is today called the Bighorn Mountain Range was central to the Apsaalooka tribal lands.
Colorado Bison
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Bison bison |
| Size | Males (Bulls): 1,800 to 2,000 pounds (820 to 910 kg) |
| Females (Cows): 900 to 1,100 pounds (410 to 500 kg) | |
| Horns | Both males and females have horns |
| Horns can grow up to 2 feet (60 cm) in length for males | |
| Habitat | Various habitats in Colorado |
| Social Structure | Live in herds with complex social structures |
| Diet | Herbivorous – graze on grasses and other vegetation |
| Conservation Status | Near Threatened (IUCN Red List) |
The American Bison, formidable creatures that can stand up to 6.5 feet tall and weigh a staggering 2,200 pounds, are known for their impressive size and strength. These large mammals travel in herds and boast an average lifespan of 20 years. Remarkably, when the need arises, a bison can sprint at speeds of up to 40 miles per hour. Once, the plains of North America were home to a staggering 60 million bison. However, due to extensive overhunting, the bison population faced near-extinction. In a heartening turn of events, a bison herd in northern Colorado is experiencing unexpected growth. This herd, located in a natural area north of Fort Collins, originated three years ago with ten genetically pure descendants of bison from Yellowstone National Park. Where to see Bison in Colorado:
- Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge
- Buffalo Outlook
- Genesee Park
Elk
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Cervus canadensis |
| Size | Males (Bulls): 600 to 1000 pounds (272 to 454 kg) |
| Females (Cows): 400 to 600 pounds (181 to 272 kg) | |
| Antlers | Only males (bulls) have antlers |
| Antlers can reach up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) in length and have multiple points | |
| Habitat | Various habitats across North America, including forests, grasslands, and mountains |
| Social Structure | Live in herds with separate groups of males and females during most of the year |
| Diet | Herbivorous – graze on grasses, shrubs, and other vegetation |
| Conservation Status | Least Concern (IUCN Red List) |
Arguably the most renowned wildlife in Colorado, the Rocky Mountain Elk, a member of the deer family, flourishes in the state’s lush forests. According to Colorado Parks & Wildlife, the early 1900s witnessed a perilous decline in elk numbers, with only 40,000 remaining in North America. Extensive hunting nearly eradicated elk from Colorado, but thanks to dedicated relocation efforts, the state now boasts a thriving elk population exceeding 280,000. For those eager to observe these majestic creatures, Rocky Mountain National Park is an ideal destination. During their fall rutting (mating) season, elk can be spotted bugling and sparring in the Moraine and Horseshoe sections near Estes Park. The region in and around the park, near Walden, holds the prestigious title of the official moose capital of Colorado. Over 600 moose inhabit this area year-round, alongside elk, mule deer, beaver, fox, eagles, and black bears, creating a rich and diverse wildlife habitat.
Mountain Lion
Mountain lion on grass in texas park. Image via Luis Miguel Bugallo Sánchez (Lmbuga), CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Seldom heard of or encountered, the elusive mountain lion of Colorado is a wildlife species that often goes unnoticed by most visitors. Recognized by various names such as cougar, puma, or panther, the mountain lion stands as one of the largest cats in North America. Sporting a camouflage-like coloring, these majestic creatures seamlessly blend into their surroundings. Despite their stealthy and swift movements, they are surprisingly large, with males reaching up to eight feet in length and averaging around 150 pounds in weight. Colorado provides a habitat for mountain lions throughout its landscape, particularly in the foothills, while sightings in the eastern plains are exceptionally rare. These creatures thrive in areas rich in pinyon pine, juniper, ponderosa pines, and low-lying oak brush.
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Puma concolor |
| Size | Length: 6 to 9 feet (1.8 to 2.7 meters) from nose to tail |
| Height: Around 2 to 2.5 feet (60 to 76 cm) at the shoulder | |
| Weight | Males: 130 to 220 pounds (59 to 100 kg) |
| Females: 65 to 140 pounds (29 to 64 kg) | |
| Color | Tawny or grayish-brown with a white underbelly |
| Habitat | Diverse habitats ranging from mountains, forests, and grasslands to deserts and swamps |
| Range | Found throughout the Americas from Canada to South America |
| Diet | Carnivorous – primarily preys on deer and other ungulates, but can also eat smaller mammals and occasionally birds |
| Conservation Status | Least Concern (IUCN Red List) |
The mountain lion’s habitat extends from the desert, chaparral, and badland breaks to subalpine mountains and tropical rainforests. In Colorado, lions are found in regions abundant with pinyon pine, juniper, mountain mahogany, ponderosa pine, and oak brush. Their presence is often associated with areas teeming with plentiful deer. While many Colorado locals are accustomed to encountering mountain lions, we strongly advise tourists to exercise caution, particularly in areas with recent sightings of these magnificent creatures. Lion Alert: A lion has been spotted in the area or neighborhood when this sign is posted. The lion may or may not have had contact with humans or pets. Citizens are urged to remain vigilant of the presence of mountain lions and adhere to the following precautions:
- Supervise children and pets when they are outside.
- Refrain from playing, running, or walking outside between dusk and dawn.
- Turn on outside lights when leaving home or returning in the evening and early morning hours.
Black Bear
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Ursus americanus |
| Size | Length: 4 to 7 feet (1.2 to 2.1 meters) from nose to tail |
| Height: Approximately 2.5 to 3 feet (76 to 91 cm) at the shoulder | |
| Weight | Males: 130 to 600 pounds (59 to 272 kg) |
| Females: 90 to 300 pounds (41 to 136 kg) | |
| Color | Varies, but often black or dark brown; some individuals may have a lighter-colored “cinnamon” phase |
| Habitat | Diverse habitats including forests, swamps, mountains, and open fields |
| Range | Found in North America, including the United States and Canada |
| Diet | Omnivorous – diet consists of plants, berries, nuts, insects, small mammals, and occasionally carrion |
| Conservation Status | Least Concern (IUCN Red List) |
The state of Colorado is home to approximately 10,000-12,000 black bears, a species that, despite its name, comes in a range of colors such as blonde, cinnamon, or brown. Colorado, once inhabited by grizzlies, now officially hosts only one bear species: the American Black Bear. These bears can be found dispersed across Colorado, particularly in regions abundant with Gambel’s oak and aspen. They predominantly reside in oak brush areas and occasionally venture into aspen forests. The highest concentration of black bears spans from Walsenburg to Trinidad, to the west of the San Luis Valley. Black bears enter hibernation around early November and emerge in May. On average, two cubs are born during their hibernation period.
Birds of Prey: Hawks, Falcons, and Eagles
| Attribute | Hawks | Falcons | Eagles |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Various species in Accipitridae family | Various species in Falconidae family | Various species in Accipitridae family |
| Size | Varies depending on the species | Varies depending on the species | Varies depending on the species |
| Wingspan | 2 to 4.5 feet (60 to 137 cm) | 2 to 4 feet (60 to 120 cm) | 5 to 8 feet (150 to 240 cm) |
| Habitat | Diverse habitats including forests, grasslands, mountains, and open areas | Found worldwide, often in open areas and cliffs | Diverse habitats including forests, mountains, and near large bodies of water |
| Diet | Carnivorous – prey on small mammals, birds, and insects | Carnivorous – mainly hunt birds, using high-speed dives to catch prey | Carnivorous – primarily feed on fish and small mammals, but may also eat birds and carrion |
| Unique Features | Sharp beaks and strong talons for hunting | Excellent vision and agile flight | Powerful beaks and talons for hunting and large, strong wings |
| Conservation Status | Varies by species, some may be threatened or endangered | Varies by species, some may be threatened or endangered | Varies by species, some may be threatened or endangered |
Birds were commonly seen in Colorado Springs and surrounding areas. The following species are indigenous and can be witnessed in all their glory. Hawks, eagles, and kites:
- White-tailed kite, Elanus leucurus.
- Swallow-tailed kite, Elanoides forficatus.
- Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos.
- Northern harrier, Circus hudsonius.
- Sharp-shinned hawk, Accipiter striatus.
- Cooper’s hawk, Accipiter cooperii.
- Northern goshawk, Accipiter gentilis.
- Bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus.
Exploring the avian wonders of Colorado reveals a staggering diversity of over 400 species, leaving the anticipation of which wings will grace the skies. Among the cherished birds to spot are those that call the mountains home. While the entire state offers numerous birding opportunities, embarking on the Colorado birding trails provides an excellent starting point. In Western Colorado, seven trails unfold, allowing bird enthusiasts to witness a variety of species spanning the four corners. The Rocky Mountains, a haven for birdwatchers, boast 27 trails stretching from the northern to the southern reaches of Colorado. Completing the trio, the Eastern Plains present 20 trails, with the majority situated in the northeastern part of the state. For an enhanced birding experience, the Colorado Birding Trail offers an app to track birds during hikes.
Wild Horses
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Equus ferus |
| Size | Height: Varies depending on the breed and region |
| Typically ranges from 13 to 16 hands (52 to 64 inches or 132 to 163 cm) at the shoulder for most wild horses in North America | |
| Weight | Varies depending on the breed and region |
| Typically ranges from 500 to 1,000 pounds (227 to 454 kg) for most wild horses | |
| Color | Various colors and coat patterns, including brown, black, white, gray, and roan |
| Habitat | Varies depending on the region and environmental conditions |
| Range | Wild horses are found in several regions worldwide, including North America, Europe, and Australia |
| Diet | Herbivorous – primarily graze on grasses and other vegetation |
| Unique Features | Agile and strong runners, able to cover long distances |
| Conservation Status | Varies by region and population, some may be considered threatened or endangered |
Encompassing over 36,000 acres of stunning canyons and plateaus, the Little Book Cliffs Wild Horse Area invites visitors to explore and witness the horses freely roaming. This range stands as one of three in the U.S. expressly designated for the protection of wild horses. Situated just northeast of Palisade, it offers a unique opportunity for individuals to hike and connect with the natural beauty of the landscape while observing these magnificent creatures in their untamed habitat. There is also Sand Wash Basin in northwest Colorado, near Craig, that is home to more than 75. Here are a few places where you might find this majestic creature around the state:
- The Little Book Cliffs Wild Horse Area. …
- The Spring Creek Basin Herd Management Area. …
- The Sand Wash Basin Herd Management Area. …
- Piceance-East Douglas Herd Management Area.
Prairie Dogs
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Cynomys spp. |
| Size | Length: 12 to 16 inches (30 to 41 cm) |
| Weight | Varies depending on the species |
| Typically ranges from 1.5 to 3 pounds (0.68 to 1.36 kg) for most prairie dog species | |
| Color | Typically light brown with lighter underparts |
| Habitat | Grasslands and prairies in North America |
| Range | Found in North America, primarily in the central and western regions |
| Diet | Herbivorous – primarily graze on grasses and forbs |
| Social Structure | Live in large underground colonies called “towns” |
| Unique Features | Excellent burrowers and communicators through “barks” |
| Conservation Status | Varies by species and location, some may be considered threatened or endangered |
Prairie dogs, herbivorous burrowing rodents indigenous to the grasslands of North America, play a crucial role as “keystone” species. Their colonies form islands of habitat that benefit approximately 150 other species. These social animals live in groups known as coteries, with males moving between groups while females remain together for the entirety of their lives. To encounter these fascinating creatures, head to the eastern third of Colorado, where the black-tailed prairie dog thrives. Once covering an estimated seven million acres in Colorado, these animals primarily inhabit grassland areas below 6,000 feet, east of the state’s foothills. Witnessing the intricate dynamics of prairie dog colonies in their natural habitat provides a unique glimpse into the interconnected ecosystems they sustain.
North American Beaver
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Castor canadensis |
| Size | Length: 29 to 35 inches (74 to 90 cm) |
| Weight | Typically ranges from 35 to 70 pounds (16 to 32 kg) |
| Color | Dark brown fur with a lighter underbelly |
| Habitat | Found in freshwater habitats such as lakes, rivers, and streams |
| Range | Native to North America, from Canada to the United States and northern Mexico |
| Diet | Herbivorous – primarily feed on bark, twigs, leaves, and aquatic plants |
| Unique Features | Excellent swimmers with webbed hind feet and a broad, flat tail for steering in the water |
| Behavior | Highly skilled at building dams and lodges with sticks and mud to create underwater homes |
| Conservation Status | Least Concern (IUCN Red List) |
The North American Beaver is a native species to Colorado and plays an important role in the environment and the state’s ecology. They are pretty common in Colorado, including in urban areas. In Castle Rock, beavers are active along East Plum Creek and Sellars Gulch. However, you might not catch a glimpse of these animals as you walk along the creeks during the day since beavers are primarily active at night.
Rattlesnake
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Various species in the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus |
| Size | Length: Varies depending on the species |
| Typically ranges from 1.5 to 5.5 feet (45 to 168 cm) | |
| Weight | Varies depending on the species |
| Typically ranges from 1 to 4 pounds (0.5 to 1.8 kg) | |
| Color | Varies, but typically have a pattern of dark and light bands with a rattle at the end of the tail |
| Habitat | Various habitats ranging from deserts to forests |
| Range | Found in North and South America |
| Diet | Carnivorous – primarily feed on rodents, lizards, and small birds |
| Venom | Rattlesnakes are venomous snakes, and their venom is used to immobilize and digest their prey |
| Unique Features | Characteristic rattle at the end of the tail, which is used as a warning signal to potential threats |
| Conservation Status | Varies by species and location, some may be considered threatened or endangered |
Of the 25 species of snakes in Colorado, the western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) and the massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) are the only venomous species. The western rattlesnake appears in most habitats throughout the state. The massasauga, however, is limited to the southeastern grasslands. In Colorado, two distinct species of rattlesnakes coexist: the western/prairie rattlesnake and the massasauga. The massasauga is exclusive to the southeastern plains, thriving in dry grasslands and sandhills below 5,500 feet. Typically measuring around 20 inches in length, it boasts multiple shades of brown with a loosely checkered pattern. It’s crucial to exercise caution when encountering a snake or venturing into snake territory, as these snakes are venomous. To make the most of your hiking experience while minimizing risks, consider using a trail finder. This tool aids in planning trips based on the wildlife you hope to encounter, ensuring a safer and more enjoyable exploration of Colorado’s diverse landscapes. You don’t even need to leave your car to see the wildlife in Colorado. We have found some areas where you can witness wildlife from a safe distance.
- Rocky Mountain National Park. …
- Guanella Pass Scenic Byway. …
- State Forest State Park. …
- South Platte River Trail. …
- Mount Evans Scenic Byway. …
- Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge. …
- San Juan Skyway. …
- Bighorn Sheep Canyon.
Colorado Landscape
Explore Colorado’s magnificent landscapes through its four National Parks—Rocky Mountain, Mesa Verde, Great Sand Dunes, and Black Canyon of the Gunnison—each offering a showcase of wondrous and diverse scenery.
- Rocky Mountain National Park: Covering 415 square miles, Rocky Mountain National Park protects breathtaking mountain environments. Traverse Trail Ridge Road, reaching over 12,000 feet, providing numerous overlooks to immerse yourself in the subalpine and alpine worlds. The park boasts over 300 miles of hiking trails, wildflowers, wildlife, starry nights, and unforgettable experiences.
- Mesa Verde National Park: Established in 1906, Mesa Verde National Park preserves and interprets the archeological heritage of the Ancestral Pueblo people. Inhabited for over 700 years (600 to 1300 CE), the park safeguards nearly 5,000 known archeological sites, including 600 cliff dwellings, making them among the most notable and well-preserved in the United States.
- Great Sand Dunes National Park: Open year-round, the tallest dunes in North America take center stage in this park, surrounded by a diverse landscape of grasslands, wetlands, conifer and aspen forests, alpine lakes, and tundra.
- Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park: A marvel of nature, Black Canyon of the Gunnison is grand enough to overwhelm yet intimate enough to connect with the pulse of time. Displaying some of North America’s steepest cliffs, oldest rock, and craggiest spires, the canyon unveils a vertical wilderness shaped by the Gunnison River and the forces of weathering over 2 million years.
Which wildlife in Colorado do you wish to see? Colorado has a diverse landscape of arid desert, river canyons, and snow-covered Rocky Mountains and won’t disappoint nature lovers seeking wildlife experiences. We recommend visiting the wildlife in Colorado!
As a little kid, I fell in love with nature, wildlife, and animals. Living in the USA, South Africa, Italy, China and Germany gave me the opportunity to discover the world's Wildlife. My favorite animals are Mountain Gorillas, Siberian Tigers, and Great White Sharks.
I'm a certified PADI Open Water Diver, went to Everest Base Camp and Trekked Gorillas in Uganda. I hold a Master of Science in Economics and Finance.
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