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Cave Painting of Ancient Creature Discovered in South Africa

Painting of a creature like a stag or moose on a cave wall.
Painting of a creature like a stag or moose on a cave wall. Screenshot from Cave Art 101 | National Geographic Source: YouTube Channel: National Geographic

A fascinating new study suggests that ancient rock art in South Africa may depict a now-extinct species. According to research published in September 2024, the mysterious tusked animal in the artwork could represent a fossil species native to the region. Let’s discover how this find offers insight into how ancient cultures may have understood and integrated fossils into their art and mythology!

The Horned Serpent Panel

Artistic interpretation of the cave painting process.
Artistic interpretation of the cave painting process. Screenshot from Cave Art 101 | National Geographic Source: YouTube Channel: National Geographic

The Horned Serpent panel is a remarkable section of rock art created by the San people of South Africa. Furthermore, this panel features depictions of animals and cultural symbols, painted between 1821 and 1835. Among the artwork is a long-bodied animal with tusks, unlike any known modern species or cave painting previously discovered.

Unique Tusked Creature

Cave painting of a bull.
Cave painting of a bull. Screenshot from Cave Art 101 | National Geographic Source: YouTube Channel: National Geographic

The tusked animal in the artwork stands out because it doesn’t match any species currently living in the region. This has led researchers to question what inspired the depiction. In fact, they think the unusual appearance of the creature suggests it might represent something from a distant past, possibly inspired by fossils. I think it would be hilarious if the creature depicted is the product of someone’s imagination that today has scientists more than confused!

Ancient Influence on Art

Cave painting of a mammoth.
Cave painting of a mammoth. Screenshot from Cave Art 101 | National Geographic Source: YouTube Channel: National Geographic

The San people were known to include elements from their environment in their artwork. So fossils, which are often found in South Africa, may have influenced their depiction of the mysterious tusked animal. Additionally, this idea opens the door to exploring how ancient people might have encountered fossils and interpreted them through art.

Fossils in the Karoo Basin

Cave painting of a horse like creature.
Cave painting of a horse like creature. Screenshot from Cave Art 101 | National Geographic Source: YouTube Channel: National Geographic

The Karoo Basin in South Africa is renowned for its fossil-rich environment. Notably, it’s home to well-preserved fossils of tusked animals known as dicynodonts. These fossils are frequently found eroding out of the ground, making them accessible to ancient people. In fact, as you’re about to read, these could have played a role in the mysterious cave painting.

Cave painting of early predators.
Cave painting of early predators. Screenshot from Cave Art 101 | National Geographic Source: YouTube Channel: National Geographic

Dicynodonts were tusked creatures that lived long before the time of dinosaurs. Moreover, these animals went extinct millions of years before humans appeared! However, the tusked figure in the Horned Serpent panel bears a striking resemblance to these ancient creatures, suggesting a possible connection. Could one of the San people have discovered a fossil?

San Myths and Extinct Animals

Cave painting of several cows or bulls.
Cave painting of several cows or bulls. Screenshot from Cave Art 101 | National Geographic Source: YouTube Channel: National Geographic

The San people have myths about large animals that once roamed the region but are now extinct. These legends align with the possibility that the tusked creature depicted in the rock art was inspired by fossils of ancient animals. The connection between mythology and fossils offers a unique perspective on how ancient cultures viewed their world. They were looking back to the origins of their ancestors, much like we are doing now!

Pre-Dating Scientific Discovery

Cow-like cave painting.
Cow-like cave painting. Screenshot from Cave Art 101 | National Geographic Source: YouTube Channel: National Geographic

If the tusked figure is indeed a dicynodont, it would be an extraordinary discovery. Specifically, this artistic representation would predate the first scientific description of dicynodonts by at least ten years! Furthermore, the first official naming of a dicynodont occurred in 1845, while rock art was created as early as 1835.

Indigenous Knowledge of Fossils

Painting of an early man on a cave wall.
Painting of an early man on a cave wall. Screenshot from Cave Art 101 | National Geographic Source: YouTube Channel: National Geographic

There is growing archaeological evidence that the San people may have collected fossils. These fossils might have been used in their art, indicating a complex understanding of the ancient world. However, the full extent of indigenous knowledge of paleontology is still not fully explored. With their limited scientific resources, I wonder how these people made sense of the fossils they found!

The Role of Fossils in Culture

Negative hand print on a cave wall.
Negative hand print on a cave wall. Screenshot from Cave Art 101 | National Geographic Source: YouTube Channel: National Geographic

Across the globe, ancient cultures may have integrated fossils into their belief systems and art. Further research into these indigenous practices could reveal how humans understood extinct creatures long before modern science. Additionally, this study opens the door to further exploration of how fossils influenced ancient cultures worldwide.

Revisiting Ancient Art

Cave wall covered in paintings.
Cave wall covered in paintings. Screenshot from Cave Art 101 | National Geographic Source: YouTube Channel: National Geographic

Julien Benoit, the lead researcher, revisited the Horned Serpent panel to analyze the tusked figure. He found that the creature closely resembles dicynodont fossils, supporting his theory. Now, this observation highlights the importance of re-examining ancient artwork for possible links to extinct species.

Conclusion

Cave wall covered in red paintings.
Cave wall covered in red paintings. Screenshot from Cave Art 101 | National Geographic Source: YouTube Channel: National Geographic

The study offers a fresh perspective on the relationship between ancient cultures and extinct species. Moreover, the possibility that the San people depicted fossils in their artwork challenges conventional views of prehistoric understanding. This discovery not only sheds light on the past but also invites future research into how ancient societies interacted with their environments!

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