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Officials Alarmed When Missouri Documents Its First Human Case of Bird Flu Without Animal Contact

human case of bird flu in Missouri
By NIAID - https://www.flickr.com/photos/niaid/53800453810/, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=149594613

The state of Missouri has just documented a human case of bird flu, and while this isn’t the first, it is the first to have happened without any known animal contact.

Most of us have the memory of the Covid pandemic fresh in our minds, and the recent surge of Bird Flu in the U.S. may trigger some similar feelings. While there’s no reason to panic quite yet, it deserves to be acknowledged that the numbers of bird flu have recently surged compared to previous years.

Missouri Reports Its First Human Case of Bird Flu

bird flu
Colorized transmission electron micrograph of avian influenza A H5N1 virus particles (yellow) grown in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells. By NIAID – https://www.flickr.com/photos/niaid/53844508209/, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=150237039

In a first for Missouri, a person has tested positive for H5 bird flu, commonly known as avian influenza. Cases of humans contracting bird flu are already something out of the norm, although numbers have recently risen in the U.S. and have become a cause for concern.

What’s especially unusual in this case is that the patient had no known contact with animals, a key factor in previous bird flu cases.

This marks the 15th human case of bird flu in the U.S. since 2022.

No Known Animal Exposure Raises Concerns

chicken
Chicken. Image by Finn Mund via Unsplash

As the name suggests, bird flu cases typically arise from close contact with infected animals, such as poultry or livestock. Health officials are now investigating how this person contracted the virus, as there’s no direct connection to sick animals.

While all recent bird flu cases in humans have been alarming, they have all been traced back to some sort of animal contact. Getting to the bottom of where this person contracted the bird flu is extremely important to prevent even more cases in humans.

Hospitalization Adds to the Mystery

bird flu
By Roee Shpernik, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=54534628

The patient was hospitalized on August 22, 2024, with flu-like symptoms.

Initially, doctors believed the person had a typical flu case, but further testing revealed the presence of H5 bird flu. It’s still unclear whether the virus led to their hospitalization or if it was due to other underlying health conditions.

Either way, it does highlight that bird flu is not just something we can shrug our shoulders at – it is a severe health threat.

CDC Investigating Possible Mutations

baby chicken
Chick. Image by Prince Abid via Unsplash

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed the case and is studying the virus to better understand its origins. They are particularly concerned about any potential mutations that could make the virus more transmissible or severe, which would pose a greater public health risk.

Against the Background of Bird Flu Becoming Common in U.S. Pets

bird flu cats and dogs
A Labrador at the vet’s office. Image via Pixabay.

Bird flu has traditionally been a concern for birds, but recently, there’s been a sharp rise in cases among pets like cats and dogs. In 31 U.S. states, household pets have shown signs of bird flu infection, sparking concern among pet owners.

Cats, particularly, are at higher risk due to their hunting behavior and proximity to wild birds.

What Is Bird Flu?

Chicken
Chicken nesting. Image via Depositphotos

Bird flu, or avian influenza, is a virus primarily found in wild birds and poultry – as can be assumed from the name.

The most dangerous strain, H5N1, has been circulating worldwide since the early 2000s. While rare in humans, it can be severe when contracted. So far, human-to-human transmission remains very uncommon which is what makes this case so noteworthy and worrisome.

Why Is Bird Flu Dangerous?

bird flu
By Roee Shpernik, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=54534633

Globally, the mortality rate for H5N1 in humans is around 50%, though many mild cases likely go unreported. While the virus doesn’t spread easily between humans, it poses a major threat due to its potential to mutate. Past outbreaks have been deadly for people with direct exposure to infected animals.

How Does Bird Flu Spread?

How to Teach Your Chicken to Walk on a Leash
Image via Pexels

Bird flu typically spreads through close contact with infected birds or contaminated environments. In some cases, mammals like cats and mice have also been infected. Although the virus is rare in humans, those who work with poultry or are exposed to contaminated surfaces are most at risk.

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