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The Newly Discovered 65-Foot Titan of Prehistoric Spain

Some sauropods, such as Alamosaurus sanjuanensis, formed herds segregated by age.
Some sauropods, such as Alamosaurus sanjuanensis, formed herds segregated by age. Image by DiBgd, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2443100

Paleontologists have uncovered one of the “last giants” of the Late Cretaceous period: Qunkasaura pintiquiniestra. This massive dinosaur was unearthed at the Lo Hueco site near Cuenca, Spain. It roamed Europe just before the mass extinction event 66 million years ago. And it left one of the most incredible skeletons behind! Research published in Communications Biology offers some new insights into this remarkable sauropod species.

Complete Sauropod Skeleton

Qunkasaura excavation
Qunkasaura excavation. Image by F. Ortega, N. Bardet, F. Barroso-Barcenilla, P. M. Callapez, O. Cambra-Moo, V. Daviero-Gómez, V. Díez Díaz, L. Domingo, A. Elvira, F. Escaso, M. García-Oliva, B. Gómez, A. Houssaye, F. Knoll, F. Marcos-Fernández, M. Martín, P. Mocho, I. Narváez, A. Pérez-García, D. Peyrot, M. Segura, H. Serrano, A. Torices, D. Vidal & J. L. Sanz, CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Researchers say one of the most exciting aspects of the Qunkasaura is the completeness of its skeleton. They were able to recover several vertebrae, parts of the pelvic girdle, and limb elements, making it one of the most complete sauropod skeletons ever found in Europe!  The level of its preservation is so rare we know more about it than the Mona Lisa! Researchers could extract valuable information about the anatomy and day-to-day life of these ancient creatures. The best part? The team believes more remains await discovery on site.

Dino and Co.

Tail of the skeleton of a sauropod
Titanosauria indet. Excavation of the tail of a dinosaur in Lo Hueco (Upper Cretaceous, Fuentes, Cuenca). Image by UNED Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, CC BY 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

So far, only one specimen of Qunkasaura has been identified, but other partial remains suggest that at least two other individuals may be present. Ongoing excavations and studies will help scientists better understand the population dynamics of these sauropods and how they interacted with their environment. Maybe they’ll even find a dino family portrait!

The Significance of Lo Hueco 

Lo Hueco titanosaur excavation
Lo Hueco titanosaur excavation. Image by UNED Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, CC BY 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The Lo Hueco site, near Cuenca in Spain, has become a treasure trove for paleontologists. This region was first excavated in 2007 to build a high-speed rail line between the Spanish capital Madrid and the Levante region in the east of the country. Since then thousands of fossils have been unearthed here. It’s one of the richest collections of Late Cretaceous vertebrates in Europe. But what sets it apart from others across the continent is the abundance of large partial skeletons, especially of sauropods.

What is Qunkasaura pintiquiniestra?

Qunkasaura
Qunkasaura: “Qunka lizard” Late Cretaceous, Europe. Image by UnexpectedDinoLesson, CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Sauropods were among the largest animals to ever walk the Earth. Qunkasaura pintiquiniestra is a newly identified species of sauropod that was so big it could probably eat a whole forest in one sitting! This plant-munching giant had a neck longer than a giraffe’s and a tail that could probably knock over a building in one swing. In fact, these dinosaurs are known for their long necks, massive tails, and sturdy legs. But, they had a bit of a pea brain. Compared to their massive bodies, they had small heads. Combine that with their highway-length neck and the towering trees didn’t stand a chance.

So What’s the Deal With Sauropods 

Saltasaurus (which means
Saltasaurus (which means “lizard from Salta”) was a sauropod dinosaur. Image by LadyofHats Altered by Steveoc 86 and FunkMonk – Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1343092

Imagine sauropods as the giant cows of their time. As large herbivores, they helped to shape the environment by grazing on vast quantities of vegetation. Sauropods, like the newly discovered titanosaur, played a crucial role in the ecosystems of the Late Cretaceous. Their huge size and healthy eating habits not only influenced what types of plants grew in the area but also how other animals behaved.

The Absolute Size of Qunkasaura

The size of a titanosaur next to other dinosaurs.
The size of a titanosaur next to other dinosaurs. Screenshot from Titanosaur, The Worlds Largest Dinosaur – Ep 4 Curiosities of the Natural Inside the titanosaur’s ribcage. History Museum, London Source: YouTube Channel: Em Gems

According to study author Francisco Ortega with Spain’s National University of Distance Education (UNED), this dinosaur had a length of 65 feet and a weight of over 15 tons. Qunkasaura could give Goliath a run for his money! These titanosaurs evolved to have massive bodies. This allowed them to access the food sources that were unreachable by smaller herbivores. The sheer scale of Qunkasaura already made it a dominant figure in its ecosystem, especially with few natural predators to challenge it. Although I think any Florida man would have been willing to take this beast on, had they been given the chance.

The Titanosaur Subgroup

What the titanosaur may have looked like in life.
What the titanosaur may have looked like in life. Screenshot from Titanosaur, The Worlds Largest Dinosaur – Ep 4 Curiosities of the Natural History Museum, London Source: YouTube Channel: Em Gems

Qunkasaura belongs to a subgroup of sauropods known as the titanosaurs, which were widespread during the Cretaceous period. Titanosaurs had large, stocky bodies and whip-like tails. Unlike earlier sauropods, titanosaurs were adapted to a wide range of environments. They could make their home anywhere from coastal regions to inland forests. 

Marine Life 73 Million Years Ago

Tethys region
Palaeogeography of the Tethys region during the Bartonian. Image by Dan.palcu, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

This Qunkasaura fossil is thought to be approximately 73 million years old. At the time, Europe was actually a series of islands. The Mediterranean Sea, as we know it today, was once the Tethys Sea—a vast, warm ocean that shaped the environment. Qunkasaura swam around in this ancient ocean. Often stopping for lunch at the shoreline to snack on the rich plants growing there.

The Last Big Friendly Giant

Life reconstruction of Qunkasaura pintiquiniestra
Life reconstruction of Qunkasaura pintiquiniestra. Image by Ddinodan, CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Imagine being one of the last giant dino survivors in a world that was slowly going under! Qunkasaura lived in a time before the mass extinction event, which was known as the Late Cretaceous period. It was characterized by the dominance of large herbivores like sauropods. But the plant ecosystems began shifting. Soon food was getting harder to find than a parking spot at the mall during Christmas! Now all that’s left of them is the big bones that fill in gaps in our understanding of this era in Earth’s history.

Europe’s Dino History

Excavations at the dinosaur site of Lo Hueco
Excavations at the dinosaur site of Lo Hueco. Image by Mario modesto, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

This new sauropod species in Spain shows just how diverse the dinosaur life on the continent was during the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur discoveries are often associated with North America, but Europe has a rich fossil record. Every discovery adds to the mounting evidence that, before the mass extinction, some of the last gigantic dinosaurs alive were in Europe. 

In Short

Sauropod
Any of a suborder (Sauropoda) of quadrupedal herbivorous saurischian dinosaurs (such as a apatosaurus) of the Jurassic and Cretaceous having a long neck and tail, small head, and 5-toed limbs on which they tended to walk in a digitigrade fashion. Image by Pearson Scott Foresman, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

This new sauropod species provides a rare glimpse into the final days of the dinosaurs. It’s like a time capsule from the dinosaur twilight zone! By studying this ‘last giant,’ we can learn a lot about what life was like for dinosaurs just before they disappeared during the Late Cretaceous period. So, the next time you’re the last one standing on your dodgeball team, just remember you could’ve been trying to dodge an asteroid!

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