The Slithering Six: Most Venomous Snakes of Florida

Florida’s diverse ecosystems, influenced by a subtropical climate, make it a haven for wildlife. From swamps and forests to wetlands and coastal areas, Florida is a favorable environment for forty-four snake species, but among them only six are venomous. Understanding these snakes is crucial for residents and visitors to ensure safety and coexistence. Without further ado, here are the 6 venomous snakes that call Florida home.

#1 Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake

The king of rattlesnakes, the Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) holds the title of the largest venomous snake in North America, with adults averaging around 72 inches in length. Its distinctive diamond-shaped patterns along its back make it easily recognizable. Preferring habitats like pine forests, coastal dunes, and hardwood hammocks, this rattlesnake is known for its potent venom, which can be fatal without prompt medical attention. Despite its formidable reputation, it typically avoids human encounters.

#2 Timber Rattlesnake

The Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus), also known as the Canebrake Rattlesnake, is commonly found across the eastern United States, including parts of Florida. Adults often reach lengths of up to 60 inches and display a coloration ranging from blackish to grayish, adorned with dark blotches. Their heavy, thick bodies and cat-like eyes, along with a heat-sensing pit, classify them as pit vipers. Timber rattlesnakes are stealthy hunters, often lying in wait to ambush prey. They inhabit various environments, from hilly forests and swamps to river floodplains and lowland thickets. Generally non-aggressive, they may rattle their tails as a warning before striking if they feel threatened.

#3 Southern Copperhead

The largest recorded Southern Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix) in Florida measured 53 inches, though they typically grow to around 48 inches. Named for the coppery-red hue of their heads, these snakes have tan bodies with distinctive hourglass-shaped reddish-brown bands. As pit vipers, they use heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils to hunt prey. Their triangular heads and cat-like elliptical pupils complete their characteristic appearance.

Southern Copperheads inhabit wooded lowlands, river bottoms, and even wooded suburban areas. When threatened, they coil defensively, hold their heads at a 45-degree angle, and vibrate their tails. Interestingly, even newborns can deliver bites with their mild venom.

#4 Florida Cottonmouth

The Florida Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon conanti), commonly known as the Water Moccasin, is a venomous pit viper that can grow up to 48 inches, with some individuals reaching up to 74.5 inches. These snakes have thick brown or dark brown bodies with bands around the sides and back, which may be difficult to see from a distance. A distinguishing feature is the dark lines running from the nostrils to just under the chin and a yellowish-white underside. Florida cottonmouths are often found in freshwater environments such as rivers, swamps, lakes, and ponds. They are pit vipers with heat-sensing pits for stalking prey and have large, triangular heads. When threatened, they may display an open mouth, revealing the white interior, as a warning.

#5 Eastern Coral Snake

The Eastern Coral Snake (Micrurus fulvius), often referred to as the American cobra, is a small but highly venomous snake, typically growing up to 31 inches in length. It is easily identifiable by its bright coloration of red, yellow, and black bands, with the yellow rings notably smaller than the red and black ones. Eastern coral snakes prefer habitats like wiregrass flatwoods, slash pine, and live oak hammocks. They are shy and reclusive, often hiding under leaf litter or burrowing into the ground. Their venom is a potent neurotoxin, and while bites are rare, they require immediate medical attention.

#6 Dusky Pygmy Rattlesnake

The Dusky Pygmy Rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri), sometimes called the “Ground Rattler,” is a small rattlesnake species, with adults typically measuring between 12 to 24 inches. Its coloration ranges from light to dark gray or brown, featuring rows of black spots along its body, often interspersed with reddish-brown stripes. This species has a thick, triangular head and a slender tail ending in a tiny rattle that produces a sound resembling an insect buzz. Dusky pygmy rattlesnakes inhabit various environments, including marshes, creeks, ponds, swamps, sandhills, and upland forests. While their venom is hemotoxic and can cause painful wounds, bites are generally not life-threatening.

What Do You Do If You See a Snake?

If you encounter a snake, stay calm, and give it space. Most snakes aren’t aggressive and will move away if not threatened. Avoid sudden movements, don’t try to handle, or provoke it, and back away slowly. If the snake is in your home or a risky area, contact a professional for safe removal. When exploring natural areas, it’s advisable to stay on designated paths, wear protective footwear, and remain vigilant. In the event of a snake bite, seek immediate medical attention, as prompt treatment is crucial for recovery. Always prioritize your safety and respect the snake’s role in the ecosystem.

By respecting these reptiles and their habitats, Floridians and visitors can safely appreciate the rich biodiversity that the state offers.