Wildfire smoke isn’t just a problem for people. When the air fills with soot and tiny particles, pets are breathing it in, too. And in many cases, they’re more vulnerable than we are.
Recent wildfires in Canada and the western U.S. have sent thick smoke drifting into cities and towns far from the flames. This polluted air can irritate pets’ lungs, eyes, and throats—and if ignored, could lead to long-term health problems.
Pets That Face the Highest Risk
Not all animals react the same to poor air quality. Some are more likely to suffer when the smoke rolls in.
Animals that need special attention include:
- Flat-faced dog breeds like Bulldogs and Pugs, and cats like Persians. Their narrow airways make breathing tough even on clear days.
- Young or senior pets, whose lungs aren’t strong enough to handle smoke exposure.
- Birds and small mammals have fast breathing rates and extremely sensitive lungs. Even a short time outdoors can cause distress.
If you live in an area affected by smoke, it’s important to know whether your pet falls into one of these higher-risk categories.
How to Spot Smoke-Related Illness
When smoke levels rise, your pet may show signs that they’re struggling to breathe or feeling unwell. Don’t ignore small changes—smoke can have a fast and serious impact.
Watch for these symptoms:
- Red or watery eyes
- Persistent coughing or wheezing
- Open-mouth breathing or fast breathing
- Fatigue or acting sluggish
- Reluctance to eat or drink
- Staggering, panting, or unusual behavior
Even indoor animals can show symptoms if the home isn’t well-sealed or filtered. If you notice anything off, contact a veterinarian immediately.
Simple Ways to Protect Pets During Smoke Events
The good news is, there’s a lot you can do to keep your animals healthy and safe until the air clears. Here’s how to reduce their exposure:
- Keep pets indoors: Limit all outdoor activity. Only take dogs out briefly for bathroom breaks. Don’t allow cats to roam.
- Seal your home: Close all doors and windows. Block gaps with towels or weather stripping to reduce smoke infiltration.
- Improve indoor air quality: Use HEPA air purifiers to trap particles. Avoid burning candles, incense, or using fireplaces indoors, which can worsen indoor air.
- Watch the air quality index (AQI): Use trusted sources like AirNow.gov to track local air conditions. Don’t let pets out when AQI levels are unhealthy.
- Create a “pet go-bag”: If you live in wildfire-prone areas, prepare an emergency kit for your pets. Include food, water, medications, leashes, a carrier, and any special supplies.
These steps are especially important during active fire seasons or when wildfires are burning nearby.
Smoke Affects More Than Just Pets
While household animals are at high risk, wildlife and farm animals suffer, too.
Deer, horses, chickens, and even small rodents can develop lung irritation from smoke exposure. In extreme fire events, like those in California and Oregon in recent years, emergency crews have had to evacuate entire farms and shelters to prevent mass casualties.
If you’re a farmer or live in a rural area, it’s wise to have a plan for livestock. Provide shaded, sheltered areas, clean water, and reduce animal movement until conditions improve.
Protect the Ones Who Can’t Speak
Your pets can’t tell you when they’re having trouble breathing. But when smoke fills the sky, their small bodies feel it faster than you might expect. Stay alert. Take action early. And remember—if it’s not safe for you to be outside, it’s not safe for them either.
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