20 Ancient Dog Breeds Designed for Hunting Large Game

Dogs have been man’s loyal companions for thousands of years, fascinating us with their versatility and adaptability. Among their many roles throughout history, hunting has been one of the most critical. Hunters from ancient civilizations selected dogs specifically for their skills in tracking and capturing large game, from the vast plains of Africa to the dense forests of Europe and Asia. These breeds were designed with remarkable attributes tailored for strength, endurance, and intelligence, making them indispensable partners in ancient hunts. This article explores 20 ancient dog breeds revered for their exceptional hunting capabilities.

1. The Saluki

Known as the “Royal Dog of Egypt,” the Saluki is one of the oldest dog breeds, with a lineage tracing back to 7000 BC. These dogs were prized by pharaohs and used primarily for hunting gazelle, thanks to their exceptional speed and keen eyesight. Salukis possess an elegant, athletic build that makes them one of the fastest dogs, capable of reaching speeds up to 42 mph. Their spirited yet gentle demeanor also endears them as affectionate companions.

2. The Afghan Hound

With its long, flowing coat and graceful appearance, the Afghan Hound stands out not only for its looks but also for its hunting prowess. Originating in the rugged terrains of Afghanistan, these dogs were bred to hunt large game such as leopards, assisted by their strong agility and stamina. They are independent thinkers but form strong bonds with their human families, needing regular mental stimulation and exercise.

3. The Irish Wolfhound

Bred to hunt wolves and large game in Ireland, the Irish Wolfhound is as imposing as it is old. These giant dogs are celebrated for their strength and imposing presence, capable of tackling wolves in single combat. Despite their size, Irish Wolfhounds are renowned for their calm, sensitive nature, making them gentle companions. However, their size demands ample space and a diet tailored to their substantial needs.

4. The Pharaoh Hound

The Pharaoh Hound, often associated with ancient Egyptian art and mythology, is believed to originate from Malta. These dogs were bred to hunt rabbits and other small game, characterized by their incredible speed and keen sense of smell. Pharaoh Hounds are sociable, intelligent, and famously known for their distinctive “blush” when excited, revealing their expressive nature.

5. The Alano Español

This robust breed traces back to Spain’s medieval past, where they were used for hunting wild boar and herding cattle. The Alano Español possesses a powerful build, unwavering courage, and an innate hunting instinct. Despite their fierce reputation in the field, they are known to be docile, loyal, and exceptionally patient with their families.

6. The Basenji

Originating from Central Africa, the Basenji is unique for its lack of a typical bark, emitting a yodel-like sound instead. These dogs were highly regarded by local tribes for their ability to hunt small game and ward off predators. Basenjis display high energy levels and intelligence but require consistent training and engagement to keep them entertained.

7. The Rajapalayam

Known for their loyalty and protective nature, the Rajapalayam originates from Southern India. Used historically to hunt wild boar and assist in guarding agricultural fields from predators, these dogs are revered for their speed, strength, and sharp instincts. They are affectionate with their owners but can be reserved around strangers, highlighting their protective inclinations.

8. The Tibetan Mastiff

More than a hunting companion, the Tibetan Mastiff served as a protector for livestock and property against predators in the harsh terrains of Tibet. Known for their formidable size and thick double coat, these dogs are suited to colder climates and are fiercely independent and territorial. They require experienced owners who understand their need for boundaries and companionship.

9. The Akita Inu

The Akita Inu, originating from the mountainous regions of Japan, was primarily used for hunting bear, boar, and deer. Known for their courage and loyalty, Akitas possess a dominant and bold personality, requiring socialization and training from an early age. Despite their aloof demeanor around strangers, they form strong bonds with their families and are exceptionally loyal companions.

10. The Kuvasz

The Kuvasz has been a formidable guardian and hunting companion in Hungary, historically used to hunt large game like boar and bear. Known for their intelligence and strength, Kuvasz dogs were trained to make independent decisions in the field. They boast a beautiful white coat and exhibit both protective instincts and a gentle disposition towards their family members.

11. The Norwegian Elkhound

Bred for hunting moose and other large game, the Norwegian Elkhound is a spitz-type breed known for its resilience in cold climates. These dogs are intelligent and energetic, with a keen sense of smell aiding them while tracking through dense forests. Highly social, Elkhounds require regular exercise and engagement to meet their mental and physical needs.

12. The Rhodesian Ridgeback

Originating in Southern Africa, Rhodesian Ridgebacks were initially bred as lion hunters. They are renowned for their courage, stamina, and distinctive ridge of hair running along their back. These athletic dogs are protective and independent, demanding a strong leader who can provide ample exercise and mental challenges.

13. The Thai Ridgeback

The Thai Ridgeback is a lesser-known breed originating from Thailand, bred for hunting, herding, and guarding. With its distinctive ridge of hair along its spine, the breed is valued for its agility, intelligence, and versatility. Thai Ridgebacks are relatively independent and strong-willed, needing consistent training and socialization to thrive in family settings.

14. The Borzoi

Also known as the Russian Wolfhound, the Borzoi was primarily used to hunt wolves due to its agility and grace. These dogs boast a regal appearance with a long, flowing coat and are known for their speed and endurance. Borzois form strong bonds with their families but can be reserved, showcasing a gentle, independent nature.

15. The Canaan Dog

The Canaan Dog, with its origins in the Middle East, is a breed designed for survival and primitive hunting. Used as a pariah dog by the ancient Israelites, Canaan Dogs are alert, loyal, and highly defensive of their territory. They thrive in an environment where they can expend energy and utilize their keen senses, requiring consistent engagement and training.

16. The Azawakh

Indigenous to the Sahel region of Africa, the Azawakh is a sight hound revered by nomadic tribes for hunting gazelle and hare. With its slender frame and striking appearance, the Azawakh is built for speed and endurance. Independent and reserved, these dogs are deeply loyal to their families, enjoying both physical and mental stimulation.

17. The Kangaroo Dog

The Kangaroo Dog, bred by European settlers in Australia for hunting large marsupials, is a robust breed combining speed and strength. Known for its endurance, this breed was crucial for providing food for pioneering communities. They are adaptable, requiring a firm hand in training and ample space to exercise regularly.

18. The Sloughi

The Sloughi, another ancient sighthound, is native to North Africa and was revered for its ability to hunt desert game like gazelle. Often described as the “Arabian Greyhound,” the Sloughi is elegant yet hardy, known for its speed and keen sight. These dogs are sensitive and affectionate, thriving in environments where they receive proper care and mental engagement.

19. The Peruvian Inca Orchid

This unique breed traces back to ancient Peru, where the Peruvian Inca Orchid served various roles, including as hunting dogs. Known for their hairless appearance, these dogs Are agile, intelligent, and known for their speed and hunting instincts. They are affectionate and enjoy companionship, requiring proper care given their sensitive skin.

20. The Neapolitan Mastiff

Originating from the Italian region of Campania, the Neapolitan Mastiff was historically used for hunting large game and as a guard dog. Known for its massive, muscular build and loose skin, this breed is both a powerful protector and devoted companion. Loyal and alert, Neapolitan Mastiffs need consistent training and socialization to ensure they are well-adjusted members of the family.

Conclusion

Throughout history, these ancient dog breeds have played pivotal roles in societies worldwide, showcasing their strength, intelligence, and loyalty in hunting large game. Each breed, with its unique history and attributes, continues to captivate and inspire admiration from dog enthusiasts and hunters alike. As we celebrate their contributions, it’s essential to remember the legacy and bonds these ancient breeds have shared with humans across millennia, ensuring they are cherished and preserved for future generations.